Homeland Security and Terrorism

Table of Contents

• Introduction to Homeland Security

• Introduction
• American and Terrorist Attacks
• What Is Homeland Security
  • Homeland Security Missions and Goals
  • Definitional Issues and Homeland Security
  • Collateral Benefits from Homeland Security
• The Scope of Homeland Security
• Pre-9/11 Efforts to Improve Homeland Security
• The 9/11 Commission Report
• The National Strategy for Homeland Security
  • Intelligence and Warning
  • Border and Transportation Security
  • Domestic Counterterrorism
  • Protecting Critical Infrastructure
  • Defend against Catastrophic Events
  • Emergency Preparedness and Response
  • Legal Initiatives
  • Science and Technology
  • Information Sharing and Systems
  • International Cooperation
• Costs of Homeland Security
  • Indirect Costs
• Summary

• Homeland Security Apparatus

• Introduction
• Department of Homeland Security
• Political Considerations in the Creation of the Department of Homeland Security
  • White House and Congressional Oversight
  • Agency Confusion and Mission Distortion
• The Structure of the Department of Homeland Security
  • DHS Administrative and Support Agencies
  • Transportation Security Administration
  • U.S. Customs and Border Protection
  • U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
  • Immigration Enforcement
  • Investigating Illegal Movement of People and Goods
    • U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
    • U.S. Secret Service
    • U.S. Coast Guard
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency
  • Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
  • Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
• Department of Defense and Homeland Security
• State-Level Homeland Security
• Summary

• Overview of National Infrastructure Protection

• Introduction
• Threats to Critical Infrastructure
• Federal Agencies Involved in the Protection of American Assets
• Scope of American Critical Infrastructure Assets
• Critical Infrastructure Sectors
• National Critical Infrastructure Prioritization Program
• The National Infrastructure Protection Plan: Conceptual Operation of Homeland Security Protection
  • Set Goals and Objectives
  • Identify Infrastructure
  • Assess and Analyze Risks
  • Implement Risk Management Activities
  • Measure Effectiveness
• Critique of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan Model
• A Bottom-Up Approach
• The Buffer Zone Protection Plan
• The Reality of Critical Infrastructure Protection: States'' Responsibilities
• Key Critical Infrastructure Sectors
  • Water and Wastewater Systems
  • Chemical Sector
  • Commercial Facilities Sector
  • Communications Sector
  • Critical Manufacturing Sector
  • Dams Sector
  • Defense Industrial Base Sector
  • Emergency Services Sector
  • Energy
  • Transportation Security
  • Ground Transportation
• Infrastructure from the Terrorists'' Viewpoint
• Complacency: The Threat to Homeland Security
• Summary

• The Legal Aspects of Homeland Security

• Introduction
• Presidential Executive Orders and Directives
  • Executive Orders of President Clinton
  • Executive Orders of President George W. Bush
  • Executive Orders of President Barack Obama
  • Executive Orders of President Donald Trump
• Federal Antiterrorism Statutes
  • Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
  • The USA Patriot Act
• U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
• Summary

• Political and Social Foundations of Terrorism

• Introduction
  • Continuum of Social Conflict
• Defining Terrorism
• A Brief History of Terrorism
  • Early Forms of Terrorism
  • The French Revolution
  • Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth Century Terrorism
  • Terrorism in the Late Twentieth Century
  • Terrorism in Early America
  • Terrorism Today
• The Roots and Causes of Terrorism
  • Globalization
  • Religion
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
  • Russian Invasion of Afghanistan
  • Wahhabism
  • Authoritarian Governments
  • Failed States and Terrorism
• Individual Explanations of Terrorism
• Types of Terrorism
  • State-Sponsored Terrorism
  • Dissent Terrorism
  • Terrorists on the Left and Right
  • Religious Terrorism
  • Criminal Terrorism
• Level of Terrorist Activities
• Strategies for Dealing with Terrorism
  • Crushing Terrorist Groups Unilaterally
  • Crushing Terrorist Groups Multilaterally
  • Containment
  • Defense
  • Diversion
  • Delegitimation
  • Transforming Terrorist Breeding Grounds
• Women Terrorists
• Summary

• The Nature and Geography of Terrorist Groups, State Sponsors of Terror, and Safe Havens

• Introduction
• Foreign Terrorist Organizations
  • Middle East and North Africa Groups
  • African Groups
  • Asian Groups
  • Latin American Groups
  • European Groups
• Terrorism in America
  • Radical Muslim-Inspired Terrorism
  • Right-Wing Terrorists and Militias
  • Eco-Terrorism and Animal Rights Groups
• Summary

• Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism

• Introduction
• Defining Transnational Organized Crime
• Distinguishing Types or Categories of Crime
• Impact of Transnational Organized Crime
• Conditions Facilitating Transnational Organized Crime
• Networking: The Etiology of Transnational Organized Crime Groups
  • Political Models
  • Economic Models
  • Social Models
• How Transnational Crime Is Organized
  • Standard Hierarchy
  • Regional Hierarchy
  • Clustered Hierarchy
  • Core Group
  • Criminal Network
• Transnational Organized Crime Activities
  • Drug Trafficking
  • Human Trafficking
  • Smuggling of Technology and WMD Materials
  • Arms Trafficking
  • Trafficking in Precious Gems
  • Piracy
  • Non-Drug Contraband Smuggling
  • Counterfeiting
  • Theft
  • Financial Fraud
  • Environmental Crimes
• Failed States and Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism
• Links between Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorist Organizations
• The Continuum of Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime
• Incentives for TOC and Terrorist Organizations to Cooperate
• Summary

• Intelligence and Counterintelligence and Terrorism

• Introduction
  • Intelligence Failure--What Does It Mean?
• Advisory
• The Director of National Intelligence
  • National Counterterrorism Center
• Conceptual Overview of Homeland Security Intelligence
• Types of Intelligence Collection Activities
  • Human Intelligence
  • Signals Intelligence
  • Measures and Signatures Intelligence
  • Imagery Intelligence
  • Open-Source Intelligence
• Agencies within the American Intelligence Community
  • Central Intelligence Agency
  • Defense Intelligence Agency
  • Department of Energy
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • Department of State
  • Department of the Treasury
  • Drug Enforcement Administration
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  • National Reconnaissance Office
  • National Security Agency
  • Armed Services Intelligence
• Intersection of Policy Decisions and Intelligence: The Intelligence Cycle
  • Joint Special Operations Command Specialized Military Antiterrorism Agencies
• Counterintelligence
• The Globalization of Intelligence
  • Domestic Industrial Espionage
• Summary

• Homeland Security and Weapons of Mass Destruction

• The National Terrorism Advisory System: Warning the American People
• Introduction
  • Defining Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • National Terrorism Advisory System
• History of the Deployment of WMDs
  • Historical Precedents for Biological WMDs
  • Historical Precedents for Chemical WMDs
• The Threat of Nuclear Weapons of Mass Destruction: Destructiveness, Potential for Use, and Availability
• Nuclear and Radiological WMDs
  • Availability of Nuclear Materials
  • Nuclear Bombs or Weapons
  • The Spread of Nuclear Material and Information
  • Smuggling Nuclear Weapons and Materials
    • Terrorist Attacks Using Dirty Bombs and Attacks on Nuclear Facilities
• Biological Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Types of Biological Weapons
  • How Biological Weapons Work
  • Creating Biological Weapons
  • Threat Assessment and Biological Weapons
• Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Advantages of Chemical Weapons
  • Weaponizing Chemicals
• Factors Constraining Terrorists from Using WMDs<